A more thorough explanation:

Definition: Criminology is the study of crime and punishment as social phenomena. It involves examining the causes of crime and how to treat offenders. There are two main areas of study: criminal biology, which looks at the mental and physical factors that may contribute to criminal behavior, and criminal sociology, which investigates the impact of the environment on criminality.

Examples: A criminologist might study the reasons why someone commits a crime, such as poverty, lack of education, or mental illness. They might also look at the effectiveness of different types of punishment, such as prison or community service, in reducing crime rates.

Comparative criminology is another area of study within criminology. This involves comparing the criminal justice systems of different countries to see what works and what doesn't. For example, a criminologist might compare the prison systems of the United States and Norway to see which one is more effective at reducing recidivism rates.

Environmental criminology is another area of study within criminology. This involves looking at the areas where crime occurs and why offenders are active in those areas. For example, a criminologist might study the reasons why certain neighborhoods have higher crime rates than others, such as lack of street lighting or high unemployment rates.

Explanation: Criminology is a field of study that seeks to understand crime and how to prevent it. By examining the causes of criminal behavior and the effectiveness of different types of punishment, criminologists can help develop policies and programs that reduce crime rates and make communities safer. Comparative criminology and environmental criminology are two subfields that allow criminologists to look at crime from different angles and develop a more comprehensive understanding of the issue.