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Supreme Court of the United States - 118 U.S. 375, 30 L. Ed. 228, 6 S. Ct. 1109, 1886 U.S. LEXIS 1939, SCDB 1885-270
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This is a legal case about whether the US government has the right to control Indian tribes and punish them for crimes committed on reservations.
Issue
The issue is whether the US government has the power to exercise control over Indian tribes and whether this law is constitutional.
Conclusion
The legal conclusion of the court is that Congress has the authority to regulate Indian tribes as distinct entities from ordinary citizens, extend the laws of the United States, and the jurisdiction of its courts over Indian reservations lying within a State, including crimes committed by one Indian against another in the Indian country. The responsibility and power to enforce the removal of Indians from their lands lie with the United States, not the States.
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Rule
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Analysis
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Facts
- This case is about whether a law that makes it a crime for one Indian to commit murder upon another Indian on an Indian reservation within a state is constitutional.
- There is a disagreement between a Circuit Judge and a District Judge, and the case raises questions about the jurisdiction of the courts of the United States to try and punish an Indian belonging to an Indian tribe for committing murder upon another Indian belonging to the same tribe on an Indian reservation made and set apart for the use of the Indian tribe to which they both belong.
- The most relevant facts to the court's analysis are:
- - The Constitution does not clearly define the relationship between the US government and Indian tribes within its borders.
- - The United States recognized the possessory right of Indian tribes to the land but asserted ultimate title to the land itself.
- - Indian tribes are not States or nations, but have some attributes of sovereignty.
- - Congress has decided to govern them by acts of Congress, as seen in the act of March 3, 1871, embodied in § 2079 of the Revised Statutes.
- - The Supreme Court ruled that Congress has the authority to safeguard Indian tribes, who rely on the United States for their daily sustenance and political rights, and do not owe allegiance to the States.
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Holding
- Hey! This is the holding for Pennoyer v. Neff. It probably isn't the holding for the brief you're looking at. Join LSD+ for full access.
- A named property within the court's jurisdiction is attached to satisfy an unrelated claim, despite the owner of said property being a non-resident of the state.
- A named property within the court's jurisdiction is attached as the basis for the suit (e.g., to quiet title), despite the owner of said property being a non-resident of the state.
- An individual is sued who is a resident of the state, or who has been served with process while physically located within the state.
- jurisdiction - Neff is neither a resident, nor was served while within the state. Service by publication may be valid for an
- proceeding, where the owner would be made aware of the suit due to their property being seized, but not for
- jurisdiction - the action was on the basis of a suit to receive payment owed, and did not relate directly to a property within the state.
- jurisdiction, as the Oregon property was not attached to the initial suit, but rather was added in after the suit happened - note that Neff did not even purchase the property until after the suit had concluded.
- Accordingly, the Oregon court did not have jurisdiction over the initial suit between Neff and his lawyer.
- Enforcement of a judgment without jurisdiction denies due process!
- Additionally, although judgments rendered by other states are entitled to full faith and credit, if that state did not have jurisdiction to render the judgment, it loses such entitlement.
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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, . Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat
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