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Supreme Court of the United States - 248 U.S. 215
The case involves a dispute between International News Service and Associated Press over whether the defendant engaged in unfair competition by bribing employees of newspapers to provide Associated Press news before publication, inducing members to violate by-laws, and copying news from bulletin boards and early editions of complainant's newspapers. The District Court granted a preliminary injunction under the first two heads but erred in refusing to restrain the defendant's practice of taking news from bulletin boards. The Circuit Court of Appeals sustained the injunction order to a certain extent but modified it upon appeal. The Supreme Court is reviewing the case to determine whether the defendant can be restrained from appropriating news taken from bulletins issued by the complainant or any of its members, and whether such conduct constitutes unfair competition in trade. The court acknowledges that news articles can have literary value and may be protected by literary property rights under common law and copyright protection under the current copyright act. The court believes that the case between the parties revolves around the issue of unfair competition in business rather than the general question of property in news matter. The court recognizes that news matter is quasi property between the parties, irrespective of their rights as against the public. The determination of what constitutes unfair competition in business depends on the nature and circumstances of the business.
The court ruled that news is not considered property and can be used by others without compensation or acknowledgment, except in cases of breach of contract, trust, or unfair competition. The protection of news as property is a new and important question, and relief is only granted based on the manner in which knowledge of the news report was acquired. The International News Service's use of news obtained from publicly available sources of the Associated Press is not objectionable, and there is no basis for a claim for relief against the defendant's purpose. The lawsuit is essentially brought for the benefit of the Associated Press members, who are represented by the plaintiff.
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